Description: Introduction.How You Should Use This Book.What to Bring to the Exam.Exam Format.Exam Grading.What's on the Exam.Hints for Taking the Multiple-Choice Section.Hints for Taking the Essay Section.Must-Know Essay Questions.Some Final Suggestions.PART I: SUBJECT AREA REVIEWS WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.Chemistry.Review.Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds.Properties of Water.Organic Molecules.Carbohydrates.Lipids.Proteins.Nucleic Acids.Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes.Sample Questions and Answers.Cells.Review.Structure and Function of the Cell.Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.Movement of Substances.Sample Questions and Answers.Cellular Respiration.Review.Glycolysis.The Krebs Cycle.Oxidative Phosphorylation.How Many ATP?Mitochondria.Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria.Two Types of Phosphorylation.Anaerobic Respiration.Alcohol Fermentation.Lactic Acid Fermentation.Sample Questions and Answers.Photosynthesis.Review.Noncyclic Photophosphorylation.Cyclic Photophosphorylation.Calvin Cycle.Chloroplasts.Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts.Photorespiration.C4 Photosynthesis.CAM Photosynthesis.Sample Questions and Answers.Cell Division.Review.Mitosis and Cytokinesis.Meiosis.Mitosis versus Meiosis.Genetic Variation.Regulation of the Cell Cycle.Sample Questions and Answers.Heredity.Review.Complete Dominance, Monohybrid Cross.Complete Dominance, Dihybrid Cross.Test .Incomplete.Codominance.Multiple Alleles.Epistasis.Pleiotropy.Polygenic Inheritance.Linked Genes.Sex-Linked Inheritance.X-Inactivation.Nondisjunction.Human Genetic Defects.Sample Questions and Answers.Molecular Genetics.Review.DNA Replication.Replication of Telomeres.Protein Synthesis.Transcription.mRNA Processing.Translation.Mutations.DNA Organization.The Molecular Genetics of Viruses.The Molecular Genetics of Bacteria.Regulation of Gene Expression.Recombinant DNA.Sample Questions and Answers.Evolution.Review.Evidence for Evolution.Natural Selection.Sources of Variation.Causes of Changes in Allele Frequencies.Genetic Equilibrium.Speciation.Maintaining Reproductive Isolation.Patterns of Evolution.iv Macroevolution.The Origin of Life.Sample Questions and Answers.Biological Diversity.Review.Domain Archaea.Domain Bacteria.Domain Eukarya.Kingdom Protista.Kingdom Fungi.Kingdom Plantae.Kingdom Animalia.Sample Questions and Answers.Plants.Review.Plant Tissues.The Seed.Germination and Development.Primary Growth Versus Secondary Growth.Primary Structure of Roots.Primary Structure of Stems.Secondary Structure of Stems and Roots.Structure of the Leaf.Transport of Water.Control of Stomata.Transport of Sugars.Plant Hormones.Plant Responses to Stimuli.Photoperiodism.Sample Questions and Answers.Animal Form and Function.Review.Thermoregulation.The Respiratory System.The Circulatory System.The Excretory System.The Digestive System.The Nervous System.The Muscular System.The Immune System.The Endocrine System.Sample Questions and Answers.Animal Reproduction and Development.Review.Characteristics That Distinguish the Sexes.Human Reproductive Anatomy.Gametogenesis in Humans.Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction.Embryonic Development.Factors That Influence Development.Sample Questions and Answers.Animal Behavior.Review.Genetic Basis of Behavior.Kinds of Animal Behavior.Animal Movement.Communication in Animals.Foraging Behaviors.Social Behavior.Sample Questions and Answers.Ecology.Review.Population Ecology.Human Population Growth.Community Ecology.Coevolution.Ecological Succession .Ecosystems.Biogeoche

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